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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2013.1841
NovaTech Orion DNP3 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
23 December 2013
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: OrionLX DNP Master & DNP Slave
Orion5/Orion5r DNP Master & DNP Slave
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2013-2822 CVE-2013-2821
Original Bulletin:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-13-352-01
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Advisory (ICSA-13-352-01)
NovaTech Orion DNP3 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
Original release date: December 18, 2013
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more
information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
Adam Crain of Automatak and independent researcher Chris Sistrunk have
identified an improper input validation vulnerability in the NovaTech Orion
Substation Automation Platform. NovaTech has produced a firmware update that
mitigates this vulnerability. The researchers have tested the firmware update
to validate that it resolves the vulnerability.
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Orion versions are affected:
OrionLX DNP Master v1.27.38 and DNP Slave V1.23.10 and earlier (included in
firmware releases 7.6 and earlier), and
Orion5/Orion5r DNP Master V1.27.38 and DNP Slave V1.23.10 and earlier.
IMPACT
By sending a specially crafted command from either Internet Protocol (IP) or
serial connection, the command causes the Orion Process to restart. This
applies to both IP Master/Client and the serial Slave/Server implementation.
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to
each organization. NCCIC/ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the
impact of this vulnerability based on their operational environment,
architecture, and product implementation.
BACKGROUND
NovaTech is a US-based company located in Lenexa, Kansas, separated into four
regional areas.
The affected product, NovaTech Orion Substation Automation Platform, is a
SCADA RTU system using the DNP3 protocol. According to NovaTech, the Orion is
deployed across several sectors, but primarily in Energy in the United States.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
As this vulnerability affects Internet protocol-connected and serial-connected
devices, two CVSS scores have been calculated.
IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION-IP-BASED[a]
The NovaTech Orion DNP Products Master Driver does not validate input
correctly. A specially crafted IP-based packet can be sent that causes the
Orion Process in the OrionLX to restart. The sequence of effects caused by
this packet is the running DNP driver crashes, the Alarm LED/contact asserts,
and the Orion process restarts.
The following scoring is for IP-connected devices.
CVE-2013-2821[b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 7.1 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C).[c]
IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION-SERIAL-BASED[d]
A specially crafted packet can be sent via serial connection that causes the
Orion Process in the OrionLX to restart. The sequence of effects caused by
this packet is the running DNP driver crashes, the Alarm LED/contact asserts,
and the Orion process restarts.
The following scoring is for serial-connected devices.
CVE-2013-2822[e] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 4.7 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C).[f]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
The IP-based vulnerability could be exploited remotely.
The serial-based vulnerability is not exploitable remotely. Local access to the
serial-connected outstation is required.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
No known public exploits specifically target this vulnerability.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a moderate skill could craft an IP packet that would be able
to exploit the vulnerability for an IP-based device.
An attacker with a high skill could exploit the serial-based vulnerability
because physical access to the device or some amount of social engineering is
required.
MITIGATION
NovaTech has produced a firmware update that is available for download from the
NovaTech Orion Support Site (user registration is required for access).
Customers are encouraged to contact the following regional NovaTech
representative for download information.
Name Phone Number States
Mark Matassa 443-243-0570 CT, DE, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ,
NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV
Kevin Johnson 570-498-4409 AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN
Jim Siders 913-209-2308 IA, KS, IL, MO, NE, OK
Chuck Englebrecht 303-886-2402 AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MN, MT, ND, NM,
NV, OR, SD, TX, UT, WA, WI, WY
The researchers suggest the following mitigations:
Block DNP3 traffic from traversing onto business or corporate networks
through the use of an IPS or firewall with DNP3-specific rule sets.
NCCIC/ICS-CERT encourages asset owners to take additional defensive measures to
protect against this and other cybersecurity risks.
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPN is only as secure as the connected
devices.
NCCIC/ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the NCCIC/ICS-CERT Web page at:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended
practices are available for reading and download, including Improving
Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
NCCIC/ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
in the NCCIC/ICS-CERT Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B-Targeted
Cyber Intrusion Mitigation Strategies[g], that is available for download from
the NCCIC/ICS-CERT Web site (http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to NCCIC/ICS-CERT for
tracking and correlation against other incidents.
a. CWE-20: Improper Input Validation,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html, Web site last accessed
December 18, 2013.
b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2013-2821,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE Web site report. This Web site
will be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
c. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C,
Web site last accessed December 18, 2013.
d. CWE-20: Improper Input Validation,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html, Web site last accessed
December 18, 2013.
e. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2013-2822 ,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE Web site report. This Web site
will be active sometime after publication of this advisory
f. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C,
Web site last accessed December 18, 2013.
g. Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies,
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B, Web site last
accessed December 18, 2013.
Contact Information
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
International Callers: (208) 526-0900
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can
help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product.
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