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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2015.0826
Inductive Automation Ignition Vulnerabilities
1 April 2015
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Inductive Automation Ignition
Publisher: US-CERT
Operating System: Windows
Ubuntu
Impact/Access: Cross-site Scripting -- Remote with User Interaction
Access Confidential Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Unauthorised Access -- Existing Account
Reduced Security -- Existing Account
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2015-0995 CVE-2015-0994 CVE-2015-0993
CVE-2015-0992 CVE-2015-0991 CVE-2015-0976
Original Bulletin:
https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-090-01
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Advisory (ICSA-15-090-01)
Inductive Automation Ignition Vulnerabilities
Original release date: March 31, 2015
Legal Notice
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For
more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
Evgeny Druzhinin, Alexey Osipov, Ilya Karpov, and Gleb Gritsai of Positive
Technologies have identified several vulnerabilities in Inductive Automations
Ignition Software. Inductive Automation has produced a patch that mitigates
these vulnerabilities.
These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Inductive Automation product is affected:
Inductive Automation Ignition 7.7.2
IMPACT
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to
each organization. NCCIC/ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the
impact of these vulnerabilities based on their operational environment,
architecture, and product implementation.
BACKGROUND
Inductive Automation is a Folsom, California-based supplier of web-based
industrial automation software.
The affected product, Ignition, is an updated version of FactoryPMI, offered
by Inductive Automation. Ignition is a human-machine interface/SCADA product
used in a variety of industrial applications. According to Inductive
Automation, Ignition is deployed across several sectors including
Communications, Energy, Food and Agriculture, and Water and Wastewater
Systems. Inductive Automation estimates that this product is used primarily in
North and South America, Europe, Australia, and across Asia.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING (XSS)[a]
An attacker may cause dangerous content to be executed through a vulnerable
web application. The server reads data directly from the HTTP request and
reflects it back in the HTTP response.
CVE-2015-0976[b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 5.9 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:P).[c]
INFORMATION EXPOSURE THROUGH ERROR MESSAGE[d]
This page contains an error/warning message that may disclose sensitive
information. The message can also contain the location of the file that
produced the unhandled exception.
CVE-2015-0991[e] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 5.0 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N).[f]
INSECURE STORAGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION[g]
OPC Server username and password stored in setting file is in clear text.
CVE-2015-0992[h] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 5.2 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:P/A:N).[i]
INSUFFICIENT SESSION EXPIRATION[j]
After user logs out, the session is not removed. This could lead to session
reuse by attacker with privileges of the same user.
CVE-2015-0993[k] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 5.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:A/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:C/A:P).[l]
CREDENTIALS MANAGEMENT[m]
The mechanism of blocking brute force attacks could be bypassed with resetting
session id parameter in HTTP request.
CVE-2015-0994[n] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 4.6 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P).[o]
USE OF PASSWORD HASH WITH INSUFFICIENT COMPUTATIONAL EFFORT[p]
Database storage of accounts by default in Windows and Database storage of
accounts by default in Linux. Used hash algorithm - MD5, is known to be
vulnerable to brute force attacks and not considered secure.
CVE-2015-0995[q] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 9.0 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C).[r]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely and cannot be exploited
without user interaction. The exploit is only triggered when a local user runs
the vulnerable application and loads the malformed URL to the JNLP.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
Exploits that target these vulnerabilities are not publicly available.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a low skill would be able to exploit these vulnerabilities.
MITIGATION
Inductive Automation has developed a patch for these vulnerabilities and
recommends updating as soon as possible. The patch is available at:
https://www.inductiveautomation.com/downloads/ignition
ICS-CERT recommends that users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and
should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that
VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the ICS-CERT web page at:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended
practices are available for reading and download, including Improving
Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly
available in the ICS-CERT Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies, that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site
(http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for
tracking and correlation against other incidents.
a. CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
('Cross-site Scripting'), http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0976,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
c. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:P, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
d. CWE-209: Information Exposure Through an Error Message
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/209.html, web site last accessed March
31, 2015.
e. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0991,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
f. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
g. CWE-922: Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/922.html, web site last accessed March
31, 2015.
h. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0992,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
i. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:P/A:N, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
j. CWE-613: Insufficient Session Expiration ,
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/613.html, web site last accessed March
31, 2015.
k. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0993,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
l. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:A/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:C/A:P, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
m. CWE-255: Credentials Management
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/255.html, web site last accessed March
31, 2015.
n. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0994,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
o. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
p. CWE-916: Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/916.html, web site last accessed March
31, 2015.
q. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-0995,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
r. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C, web
site last accessed March 31, 2015.
Contact Information
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
International Callers: (208) 526-0900
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can
help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this
product.
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