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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 =========================================================================== AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution ESB-2016.1558 Moxa PT-7728 Series Switch Improper Authorization Vulnerability 20 June 2016 =========================================================================== AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary --------------------------------- Product: Moxa Industrial Ethernet Switch PT-7728 series Publisher: ICS-CERT Operating System: Network Appliance Impact/Access: Unauthorised Access -- Existing Account Resolution: Patch/Upgrade CVE Names: CVE-2016-4514 Original Bulletin: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-168-01 - --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- Advisory (ICSA-16-168-01) Moxa PT-7728 Series Switch Improper Authorization Vulnerability Original release date: June 16, 2016 Legal Notice All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/. OVERVIEW Independent researcher Can Demirel has identified an improper authorization vulnerability in Moxas Industrial Ethernet Switch PT-7728 series. Moxa has produced an update to mitigate this vulnerability. Can Demirel has tested the update to validate that it resolves the vulnerability. This vulnerability could be exploited remotely. AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following Moxa Industrial Ethernet Switches are affected: PT-7728 Series Version 3.4 build 15081113 IMPACT Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to access management functions. Attackers can update switch configuration. Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to each organization. NCCIC/ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the impact of this vulnerability based on their operational environment, architecture, and product implementation. BACKGROUND Moxa is a Taiwan-based company that maintains offices in several countries around the world, including the US, UK, India, Germany, France, China, Russia, and Brazil. The affected products, PT-7728 series, are managed Ethernet switches designed especially for industrial applications. According to Moxa, PT-7728 series switches are deployed across several sectors, including Chemical, Commercial Facilities, Critical Manufacturing, Emergency Services, Energy, Food and Agriculture, Government Facilities, Water and Wastewater Systems, and others. Moxa estimates that these products are used globally but concentrated in the US, Europe, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Columbia, and Taiwan, with 50 to 60 percent of all sales in the US. VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW IMPROPER AUTHORIZATION [a] The switch series support least privilege account with given credentials. The default user account has limited access to switch functions. Using local proxy to interrupt traffic, the switch configuration can be updated. It means least privilege account can access and modify critical switch configuration. CVE-2016-4514 [b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L). [c] VULNERABILITY DETAILS EXPLOITABILITY This vulnerability could be exploited remotely. EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT No known public exploits specifically target this vulnerability. DIFFICULTY Crafting a working exploit for this vulnerability would be difficult. Local proxy must be used to interrupt traffic and update switch configuration. MITIGATION Moxa has produced an update to mitigate this vulnerability. The update is available upon request. ICS-CERT recommends that users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and isolate them from the business network. When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS-CERT web page at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available in the ICSCERT Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies, that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site (http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/). Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for tracking and correlation against other incidents. a. CWE-285: Improper Authorization, http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/285.html, web site last accessed June 16, 2016. b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2016-4514, NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will be active sometime after publication of this advisory. c. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S..., web site last accessed June 16, 2016. Contact Information For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at: Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov (link sends e-mail) Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585 International Callers: (208) 526-0900 For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product. - --------------------------END INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- You have received this e-mail bulletin as a result of your organisation's registration with AusCERT. The mailing list you are subscribed to is maintained within your organisation, so if you do not wish to continue receiving these bulletins you should contact your local IT manager. If you do not know who that is, please send an email to auscert@auscert.org.au and we will forward your request to the appropriate person. NOTE: Third Party Rights This security bulletin is provided as a service to AusCERT's members. As AusCERT did not write the document quoted above, AusCERT has had no control over its content. The decision to follow or act on information or advice contained in this security bulletin is the responsibility of each user or organisation, and should be considered in accordance with your organisation's site policies and procedures. AusCERT takes no responsibility for consequences which may arise from following or acting on information or advice contained in this security bulletin. NOTE: This is only the original release of the security bulletin. It may not be updated when updates to the original are made. If downloading at a later date, it is recommended that the bulletin is retrieved directly from the author's website to ensure that the information is still current. Contact information for the authors of the original document is included in the Security Bulletin above. If you have any questions or need further information, please contact them directly. Previous advisories and external security bulletins can be retrieved from: http://www.auscert.org.au/render.html?cid=1980 =========================================================================== Australian Computer Emergency Response Team The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au Facsimile: (07) 3365 7031 Telephone: (07) 3365 4417 (International: +61 7 3365 4417) AusCERT personnel answer during Queensland business hours which are GMT+10:00 (AEST). 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