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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2017.0066.2
St. Jude Merlin@home Transmitter Vulnerability
8 February 2017
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Merlin@home
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Access Privileged Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Provide Misleading Information -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2017-5149
Original Bulletin:
https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSMA-17-009-01
Revision History: February 8 2017: Five (5) parts updated of initial advisory.
January 10 2017: Initial Release
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Advisory (ICSMA-17-009-01A)
St. Jude Merlin@home Transmitter Vulnerability (Update A)
Original release date: January 09, 2017 | Last revised: February 06, 2017
Legal Notice
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For
more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
This updated advisory is a follow-up to the original advisory titled
ICSMA-17-009-01 St. Jude Merlin@home Transmitter Vulnerability that was
published January 9, 2017, on the NCCIC/ICS-CERT web site.
- --------- Begin Update A Part 1 of 5 --------
MedSec Holdings has identified a channel accessible by nonendpoint
(man-in-the-middle) vulnerability in St. Jude Medical's Merlin@home
transmitter, which affects both the RF and inductive models. St. Jude Medical
has validated the vulnerability and produced a new software version that
mitigates this vulnerability. A third-party security research firm has
verified that the new software version mitigates the identified vulnerability.
- --------- End Update A Part 1 of 5 ----------
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely. An attacker with high skill
would be able to exploit this vulnerability.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a safety communication on
January 9, 2017, Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Identified in St. Jude Medicals
Implantable Cardiac Devices and Merlin@home Transmitter, to alert users about
the identified vulnerability and corresponding mitigation as well as to
provide recommendations to patients and healthcare providers. In response,
ICS-CERT is releasing this advisory to provide additional information to
patients and healthcare providers.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
- --------- Begin Update A Part 2 of 5 --------
The following Merlin@home transmitters are affected:
Merlin@home, versions prior to Version 8.2.2:
RF models: EX1150,
Inductive models: EX1100, and
Inductive models: EX1100 with MerlinOnDemand capability.
- --------- End Update A Part 2 of 5 ----------
IMPACT
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to
access or influence communications between Merlin.net and transmitter
endpoints.
ICS-CERT recommends that patients and healthcare providers evaluate the impact
of this vulnerability based on their specific usage after reviewing the
information referenced in this advisory and to contact the vendor for
assistance with any questions or concerns related to this vulnerability.
BACKGROUND
St. Jude Medical is a US-based company headquartered in St. Paul, Minnesota.
The affected product, the Merlin@home transmitter, allows for remote care
management of patients with implanted cardiac devices through scheduled
transmissions, patient-initiated transmissions, and daily monitoring.
- --------- Begin Update A Part 3 of 5 --------
According to St. Jude Medical, Merlin@home transmitter inductive models can
have the MerlinOnDemand capability enabled. The MerlinOnDemand capability is a
configuration that allows for multiple-patient use in healthcare facilities.
The Merlin@home transmitter inductive models, with MerlinOnDemand capability
enabled, is used by healthcare professionals to read patient Implantable
Medical Devices (IMDs) data during office visits. Inductive Merlin@home
transmitters with MerlinOnDemand capability enabled contain the same hardware
and software as other inductive Merlin@home transmitters, but with slightly
different capability, resulting from a different configuration on the
server/Merlin.net side, which is controlled by St. Jude Medical. The
Merlin@home transmitter inductive model with the MerlinOnDemand capability
enabled is set up to pair with multiple IMDs, which differs from the
Merlin@home transmitter that has not enabled this capability, as it is
intended for home use. Also, the Merlin@home transmitter inductive model with
MerlinOnDemand capability enabled does not use RF to communicate with IMDs.
Instead, it uses close range impedance telemetry.
According to St. Jude Medical, the Merlin@home transmitter inductive models
are deployed across the Healthcare and Public Health sector. St. Jude Medical
estimates that Merlin@home transmitters inductive models, with MerlinOnDemand
capability enabled, correspond to approximately 0.1 percent of the total
Merlin@home transmitters available and that these products are used worldwide.
- --------- End Update A Part 3 of 5 ----------
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
CHANNEL ACCESSIBLE BY NONENDPOINT (MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE)[a]
- --------- Begin Update A Part 4 of 5 --------
The identities of the endpoints for the communication channel between the
transmitter and St. Jude Medicals web site, Merlin.net, are not verified. This
may allow a remote attacker to access or influence communications between the
identified endpoints.
- --------- End Update A Part 4 of 5 ----------
CVE-2017-5149[b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score
of 8.9 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H).[c]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
No known public exploits specifically target this vulnerability.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with high skill would be able to exploit this vulnerability.
MITIGATION
- --------- Begin Update A Part 5 of 5 --------
St. Jude Medical has developed an updated software version for all Merlin@home
transmitters, including inductive Merlin@home transmitters with the
MerlinOnDemand capability, which mitigates the identified vulnerability and
provides additional security enhancements.
The new version of the transmitter software, Version 8.2.2, will be
automatically updated over a period of several months, when all models of the
Merlin@home transmitters are connected to an Ethernet, WiFi, cellular network,
or a landline. St. Jude Medical recommends that users keep Merlin@home
transmitters powered and connected at all times to receive this update and
future updates.
For additional information about the vulnerability or the software update
process, users can review information from St. Jude Medical at:
http://media.sjm.com/newsroom/news-releases/news-releases-details/2017/St-Jude-Medical-Announces-Cybersecurity-Updates/default.aspx
(link is external)
Patients and healthcare providers with questions can call the Merlin hotline
at
1-877-696-3754 or visit www.sjm.com/Merlin (link is external) for more
information.
The FDA issued a safety communication on January 9, 2017, Cybersecurity
Vulnerabilities Identified in St. Jude Medicals Implantable Cardiac Devices
and Merlin@home Transmitter, which includes recommendations for patients and
healthcare providers and is available at the following location:
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm535843.htm
- --------- End Update A Part 5 of 5 ----------
St. Jude Medical is continuing to work with ICS-CERT and the FDA to address
additional security issues that have been identified. As additional
information becomes available, ICS-CERT in coordination with the FDA, will
release additional information products.
ICS-CERT reminds Internet users that directly connecting any device to the
Internet without explicitly controlling communication with or access to the
connected device, significantly increases the risk of a cybersecurity-related
event.
ICS-CERT provides recommended security practices on the ICS-CERT web page at
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. ICS-CERT reminds
members of the healthcare and public health sector to perform proper impact
analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly
available in the ICSCERT Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies, that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site
(http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).
[a.] CWE-300: Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint ('Man-in-the-Middle'),
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/300.html, web site last accessed January
9, 2017.
[b.] NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2017-5149, NIST
uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will be
active sometime after publication of this advisory.
[c.] CVSS Calculator,
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S...,
web site last accessed January 9, 2017.
Contact Information
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
International Callers: (208) 526-0900
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You
can help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about
this product.
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Australian Computer Emergency Response Team
The University of Queensland
Brisbane
Qld 4072
Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au
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