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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 =========================================================================== AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution ESB-2017.0735 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Autonomic Networking Infrastructure Registrar Denial of Service Vulnerability 21 March 2017 =========================================================================== AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary --------------------------------- Product: Cisco Autonomic Networking Infrastructure (ANI) Publisher: Cisco Systems Operating System: Cisco Impact/Access: Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated Resolution: Patch/Upgrade CVE Names: CVE-2017-3850 CVE-2017-3849 Original Bulletin: https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-aniipv6 https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-ani - --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- Cisco Security Advisory Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software IPv6 Denial of Service Vulnerability High Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20170320-aniipv6 First Published: 2017 March 20 16:00 GMT Version 1.0: Final Workarounds: Yes Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc42729 CVE-2017-3850 CWE-20 CVSS Score: Base 8.6, Temporal 8.6 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:X/RL:X/RC:X Summary A vulnerability in the Autonomic Networking Infrastructure (ANI) feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation on certain crafted packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IPv6 packet to a device that is running a Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software release that supports the ANI feature. A device must meet two conditions to be affected by this vulnerability: The device must be running a version of Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software that supports ANI (regardless of whether ANI is configured) The device must have a reachable IPv6 interface An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload. Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There is a workaround that addresses this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link: https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-aniipv6 Note: Also see the companion advisory for affected devices that are configured as an autonomic registrar: Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Autonomic Networking Infrastructure Registrar Denial of Service Vulnerability. Affected Products Vulnerable Products This vulnerability affects Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software devices that support the ANI feature. A device must meet two conditions to be affected by this vulnerability: The device must be running a version of Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software that supports ANI (regardless of whether ANI is configured) The device must have a reachable IPv6 interface For information about which Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software releases are vulnerable, see the Fixed Software section of this advisory. Determining Whether an Interface Has an Assigned IPv6 Address Administrators can identify interfaces that have assigned IPv6 addresses by using the show ipv6 interface brief command in the CLI. The following example shows the output of the command on a device with IPv6 enabled: router# show ipv6 interface brief . . . GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [Up/Up] fe80::212:daff:fe62:c150 2001:DB8::1 If IPv6 is not supported by the software release that is running on a device, use of the show ipv6 interface brief command produces an error message. If IPv6 is not enabled on the device, use of the show ipv6 interface brief command does not show any interfaces with IPv6 addresses. In either scenario, the device is not affected by this vulnerability. Determining Whether the Cisco IOS or IOS XE Software Release Supports ANI To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides a tool, the Cisco IOS Software Checker, that identifies any Cisco Security Advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities described in each advisory (First Fixed). A summary view of Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS XE Software trains that support ANI is in the following tables. However, customers are encouraged to use the Cisco IOS Software Checker to check their releases, as described in the Fixed Software section of this advisory. Cisco IOS Software Trains That Support ANI Cisco IOS Software Train Comments 15.2E 15.2(1)E and 15.2(2)E trains are not affected 15.2EA 15.2(2)EA train is not affected 15.3S 15.3(1)S and 15.3(2)S trains are not affected 15.4S 15.5S 15.5SN 15.6M 15.6S 15.6SN 15.6SP 15.6T Cisco IOS XE Software Trains That Support ANI Cisco IOS XE Software Train 3.7E 3.8E 3.9E 3.10S and later trains 16 trains Determining Whether the Hardware Platform Supports ANI If a device is running an affected software release, administrators are advised to use the show autonomic device command in the CLI to confirm whether the hardware platform supports ANI. The following examples show the output of this command on devices that support ANI: Example of Command Output That Indicates ANI Is Supported Router> show autonomic device UDI PID:CSR1000V SN:XXXXXXXXXXX Domain Cert is Not Valid Router> Additional Example of Command Output That Indicates ANI Is Supported Router> show autonomic device Router> If ANI is not supported by the software release that is running on a device, use of the show autonomic device command produces an error message as shown in the following example: Example of Command Output That Indicates ANI Is Not Supported Router> show autonomic device ^ % Invalid input detected at '^' marker. Router> Determining the Cisco IOS Software Release To determine which Cisco IOS Software release is running on a device, administrators can log in to the device, use the show version command in the CLI, and then refer to the system banner that appears. If the device is running Cisco IOS Software, the system banner displays text similar to Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software or Cisco IOS Software. The banner also displays the installed image name in parentheses, followed by the Cisco IOS Software release number and release name. Some Cisco devices do not support the show version command or may provide different output. The following example identifies a Cisco product that is running Cisco IOS Software Release 15.5(2)T1 with an installed image name of C2951-UNIVERSALK9-M: Router> show version Cisco IOS Software, C2951 Software (C2951-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 15.5(2)T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2015 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 22-Jun-15 09:32 by prod_rel_team . . . For information about the naming and numbering conventions for Cisco IOS Software releases, see White Paper: Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software Reference Guide. Determining the Cisco IOS XE Software Release To determine which Cisco IOS XE Software release is running on a device, administrators can log in to the device, use the show version command in the CLI, and then refer to the system banner that appears. If the device is running Cisco IOS XE Software, the system banner displays Cisco IOS XE Software or similar text. The following example shows the output of the show version command on a device that is running Cisco IOS XE Software Release 3.16.1aS: Router> show version Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 03.16.01a.S - Extended Support Release Cisco IOS Software, ASR1000 Software (PPC_LINUX_IOSD-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.5(3)S1a, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2015 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 04-Nov-15 17:40 by mcpre . . . For information about the naming and numbering conventions for Cisco IOS XE Software releases, see White Paper: Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software Reference Guide. Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by this vulnerability. Cisco has confirmed that this vulnerability does not affect Cisco IOS XR Software or Cisco NX-OS Software. Indicators of Compromise Exploitation of this vulnerability will cause an affected device to reload. Exploitation may be confirmed by decoding the stack trace for the device and determining whether the AN process crashed. If the process crashed, device logs will contain an error message similar to the following example : %Software-forced reload Exception to IOS Thread: Frame pointer 0x7F7A1225B3F8, PC = 0x7F7AE51201F7 UNIX-EXT-SIGNAL: Aborted(6), Process = AN . . . %SYS-3-OVERRUN: Block overrun at ... Workarounds There is a workaround that addresses this vulnerability. The workaround consists of using an access control list (ACL) to filter IPv6 packets that are sent to the device on UDP port 8888 or UDP port 4936 when the device is not configured for ANI. If the device is configured to use ANI, this workaround does not apply, and customers are advised to update the software on their devices. The following is an example of the ACL workaround: ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 no ip address ipv6 enable ipv6 traffic-filter drop_ANI_IPv6 in ! ipv6 access-list drop_ANI_IPv6 deny udp any host <mydeviceaddress> eq 4936 log deny udp any host <mydeviceaddress> eq 8888 log permit any any ! In the preceding example, <mydeviceaddress> is an IPv6 address. The ACL must be applied to all interfaces and all IPv6 addresses that are configured. If an interface has more than one IPv6 address configured, all addresses must be covered by the ACLs. This includes all loopback and link-local addresses for each interface. Fixed Software Cisco has released free software updates that address the vulnerability described in this advisory. Customers may only install and expect support for software versions and feature sets for which they have purchased a license. By installing, downloading, accessing, or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to follow the terms of the Cisco software license: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/warranty/English/EU1KEN_.html Additionally, customers may only download software for which they have a valid license, procured from Cisco directly, or through a Cisco authorized reseller or partner. In most cases this will be a maintenance upgrade to software that was previously purchased. Free security software updates do not entitle customers to a new software license, additional software feature sets, or major revision upgrades. When considering software upgrades, customers are advised to regularly consult the advisories for Cisco products, which are available from the Cisco Security Advisories and Alerts page, to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should ensure that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and confirm that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, customers are advised to contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or their contracted maintenance providers. Customers Without Service Contracts Customers who purchase directly from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco service contract and customers who make purchases through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should obtain upgrades by contacting the Cisco TAC: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/tsd_cisco_worldwide_contacts.html Customers should have the product serial number available and be prepared to provide the URL of this advisory as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides a tool, the Cisco IOS Software Checker, that identifies any Cisco Security Advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities described in each advisory (First Fixed). If applicable, the tool also returns the earliest release that fixes all the vulnerabilities described in all the advisories identified (Combined First Fixed). Customers can use this tool to perform the following tasks: Initiate a search by choosing one or more releases from a drop-down menu or uploading a file from a local system for the tool to parse Enter the output of the show version command for the tool to parse Create a custom search by including all previously published Cisco Security Advisories, a specific advisory, or all advisories in the most recent bundled publication To determine whether a release is affected by any published Cisco Security Advisory, use the Cisco IOS Software Checker on Cisco.com or enter a Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software releasefor example, 15.1(4)M2 or 3.1.4Sin the following field: [ ] [Check] For a mapping of Cisco IOS XE Software releases to Cisco IOS Software releases, refer to the Cisco IOS XE 2 Release Notes, Cisco IOS XE 3S Release Notes, or Cisco IOS XE 3SG Release Notes, depending on the Cisco IOS XE Software release. Exploitation and Public Announcements The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory. Omar Eissa of ERNW disclosed this vulnerability at the TROOPERS17 conference in Germany in March 2017. Source This vulnerability was reported to Cisco by Omar Eissa of ERNW. Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco. URL https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-aniipv6 Revision History Version Description Section Status Date 1.0 Initial public release. Final 2017-March-20 Show Less Legal Disclaimer THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products. Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco. =========================================================================== Cisco Security Advisory Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Autonomic Networking Infrastructure Registrar Denial of Service Vulnerability High Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20170320-ani First Published: 2017 March 20 16:00 GMT Version 1.0: Final Workarounds: No workarounds available Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvc42717 CVE-2017-3849 CWE-20 CVSS Score: Base 7.4, Temporal 7.4 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:X/RL:X/RC:X Summary A vulnerability in the Autonomic Networking Infrastructure (ANI) registrar feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete input validation on certain crafted packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted autonomic network channel discovery packet to a device that has all the following characteristics: Running a Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software release that supports the ANI feature Configured as an autonomic registrar Has a whitelist configured An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload. Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link: https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-ani Note: Also see the companion advisory for affected devices that support Autonomic Networking: Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software IPv6 Denial of Service Vulnerability. Affected Products Vulnerable Products This vulnerability affects Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software devices with all the following characteristics: Running a release of Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software that supports the ANI feature Configured as an autonomic registrar Has a configured whitelist Note: Autonomic networking should be configured with a whitelist. Do not remove the whitelist as a workaround. For information about which Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software releases are vulnerable, see the Fixed Software section of this advisory. Determining Whether a Device is Configured as an Autonomic Network Registrar Administrators can identify a device that is configured as an autonomic registrar by using the show autonomic device command in the CLI. The following example shows the output of the command on a device that is configured as an autonomic registrar: Device# show autonomic device Status Enabled Type Autonomic Registrar UDI PID:ASR1002-X SN:FOX2005GAHG Device ID cc16.7ec4.2d00-1 Domain ID cisco.com Domain Certificate (sub:) ou=cisco.com+serialNumber=PID:ASR1002-X SN:FOX2005GAHG,cn=cc16.7ec4.2d00-1 Certificate Serial Number 02 Device Address FD08:2EEF:C2EE:0:CC16:7EC4:2D00:1 Domain Cert is Valid Device# A device that is not configured as an autonomic registrar will indicate a Type of Autonomic Node or return different output. Administrators can determine whether an autonomic registrar is configured with a whitelist by using the show autonomic registrar command in the CLI. The registrar must have a whitelist configured to be vulnerable. If the whitelist is configured, the output shows the location of the whitelist file. A device configured as an autonomic registrar without a whitelist configuration will have a blank field next to the Whitelist output: Device# show autonomic registrar Domain Name cisco Whitelist bootflash:whitelist.txt Status ANR Live Address FD7A:F78C:911D::D253:5185:5472 Certificate (sub:) cn=ANRA-CS Determining the Cisco IOS Software Release To determine which Cisco IOS Software release is running on a device, administrators can log in to the device, use the show version command in the CLI, and then refer to the system banner that appears. If the device is running Cisco IOS Software, the system banner displays text similar to Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software or Cisco IOS Software. The banner also displays the installed image name in parentheses, followed by the Cisco IOS Software release number and release name. Some Cisco devices do not support the show version command or may provide different output. The following example identifies a Cisco product that is running Cisco IOS Software Release 15.5(2)T1 with an installed image name of C2951-UNIVERSALK9-M: Router> show version Cisco IOS Software, C2951 Software (C2951-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 15.5(2)T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2015 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 22-Jun-15 09:32 by prod_rel_team . . . For information about the naming and numbering conventions for Cisco IOS Software releases, see White Paper: Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software Reference Guide. Determining the Cisco IOS XE Software Release To determine which Cisco IOS XE Software release is running on a device, administrators can log in to the device, use the show version command in the CLI, and then refer to the system banner that appears. If the device is running Cisco IOS XE Software, the system banner displays Cisco IOS XE Software or similar text. The following example shows the output of the show version command on a device that is running Cisco IOS XE Software Release 3.16.1aS: Router> show version Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 03.16.01a.S - Extended Support Release Cisco IOS Software, ASR1000 Software (PPC_LINUX_IOSD-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.5(3)S1a, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2015 by Cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 04-Nov-15 17:40 by mcpre . . . For information about the naming and numbering conventions for Cisco IOS XE Software releases, see White Paper: Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software Reference Guide. Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by this vulnerability. Cisco has confirmed that this vulnerability does not affect Cisco IOS XR Software or Cisco NX-OS Software. Details The frames that exploit this vulnerability are Layer 2 adjacent. An ANI proxy will forward the packets to the registrar. As a result, a new client that is multiple hops from the registrar could achieve this exploit. Therefore, the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) has published this vulnerability with a High Security Impact Rating. Indicators of Compromise Exploitation of this vulnerability will cause an affected device to reload. Exploitation may be confirmed by decoding the stack trace for the device and determining whether the AN HELPER process crashed. If the process crashed, device logs will contain an error message similar to the following example: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ANI2, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ANI2, changed state to up Exception to IOS Thread: Frame pointer 0x7F5EB1B173D0, PC = 0x557F33057009 UNIX-EXT-SIGNAL: Segmentation fault(11), Process = AN HELPER . . . Workarounds There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability. Autonomic networking should be configured with a whitelist. Do not remove the whitelist as a workaround. Fixed Software Cisco has released free software updates that address the vulnerability described in this advisory. Customers may only install and expect support for software versions and feature sets for which they have purchased a license. By installing, downloading, accessing, or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to follow the terms of the Cisco software license: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/warranty/English/EU1KEN_.html Additionally, customers may only download software for which they have a valid license, procured from Cisco directly, or through a Cisco authorized reseller or partner. In most cases this will be a maintenance upgrade to software that was previously purchased. Free security software updates do not entitle customers to a new software license, additional software feature sets, or major revision upgrades. When considering software upgrades, customers are advised to regularly consult the advisories for Cisco products, which are available from the Cisco Security Advisories and Alerts page, to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should ensure that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and confirm that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, customers are advised to contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or their contracted maintenance providers. Customers Without Service Contracts Customers who purchase directly from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco service contract and customers who make purchases through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should obtain upgrades by contacting the Cisco TAC: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/tsd_cisco_worldwide_contacts.html Customers should have the product serial number available and be prepared to provide the URL of this advisory as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides a tool, the Cisco IOS Software Checker, that identifies any Cisco Security Advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities described in each advisory (First Fixed). If applicable, the tool also returns the earliest release that fixes all the vulnerabilities described in all the advisories identified (Combined First Fixed). Customers can use this tool to perform the following tasks: Initiate a search by choosing one or more releases from a drop-down menu or uploading a file from a local system for the tool to parse Enter the output of the show version command for the tool to parse Create a custom search by including all previously published Cisco Security Advisories, a specific advisory, or all advisories in the most recent bundled publication To determine whether a release is affected by any published Cisco Security Advisory, use the Cisco IOS Software Checker on Cisco.com or enter a Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software releasefor example, 15.1(4)M2 or 3.1.4Sin the following field: [ ] [Check] For a mapping of Cisco IOS XE Software releases to Cisco IOS Software releases, refer to the Cisco IOS XE 2 Release Notes, Cisco IOS XE 3S Release Notes, or Cisco IOS XE 3SG Release Notes, depending on the Cisco IOS XE Software release. Exploitation and Public Announcements The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory. Omar Eissa of ERNW disclosed this vulnerability at the TROOPERS17 conference in Germany in March 2017. Source This vulnerability was reported to Cisco by Omar Eissa of ERNW. Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco. Subscribe to Cisco Security Notifications Subscribe URL https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170320-ani Revision History Version Description Section Status Date 1.0 Initial public release. Final 2017-March-20 Legal Disclaimer THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products. Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco. - --------------------------END INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- You have received this e-mail bulletin as a result of your organisation's registration with AusCERT. The mailing list you are subscribed to is maintained within your organisation, so if you do not wish to continue receiving these bulletins you should contact your local IT manager. If you do not know who that is, please send an email to auscert@auscert.org.au and we will forward your request to the appropriate person. NOTE: Third Party Rights This security bulletin is provided as a service to AusCERT's members. As AusCERT did not write the document quoted above, AusCERT has had no control over its content. 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