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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 =========================================================================== AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution ESB-2019.0597 Advisory (ICSA-19-057-01) Moxa IKS, EDS 27 February 2019 =========================================================================== AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary --------------------------------- Product: Moxa IKS Moxa EDS Publisher: ICS-CERT Operating System: Network Appliance Impact/Access: Execute Arbitrary Code/Commands -- Remote/Unauthenticated Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated Cross-site Request Forgery -- Remote with User Interaction Cross-site Scripting -- Remote with User Interaction Access Confidential Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated Unauthorised Access -- Remote/Unauthenticated Resolution: Patch/Upgrade CVE Names: CVE-2019-6565 CVE-2019-6563 CVE-2019-6561 CVE-2019-6559 CVE-2019-6557 CVE-2019-6526 CVE-2019-6524 CVE-2019-6522 CVE-2019-6520 CVE-2019-6518 Original Bulletin: https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-057-01 - --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- Advisory (ICSA-19-057-01) Moxa IKS, EDS Original release date: February 26, 2019 Legal Notice All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/ . 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY o CVSS v3 9.8 o ATTENTION : Exploitable remotely/low skill level to exploit o Vendor: Moxa o Equipment: IKS, EDS o Vulnerabilities: Classic Buffer Overflow, Cross-site Request Forgery, Cross-site Scripting, Improper Access Controls, Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts, Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data, Out-of-bounds Read, Unprotected Storage of Credentials, Predictable from Observable State, Uncontrolled Resource Consumption 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow the reading of sensitive information, remote code execution, arbitrary configuration changes, authentication bypass, sensitive data capture, reboot of the device, device crash, or full compromise of the device. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following Moxa industrial switches are affected: o IKS-G6824A series Versions 4.5 and prior, o EDS-405A series Version 3.8 and prior, o EDS-408A series Version 3.8 and prior, and o EDS-510A series Version 3.8 and prior. 3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1 CLASSIC BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-120 Several buffer overflow vulnerabilities have been identified, which may allow remote code execution. CVE-2019-6557 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.2 CROSS-SITE REQUEST FORGERY (CSRF) CWE-352 A cross-site request forgery has been identified, which may allow for the execution of unauthorized actions on the device. CVE-2019-6561 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/ C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.3 CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING CWE-79 The device fails to properly validate user input, giving unauthenticated and authenticated attackers the ability to perform XSS attacks, which may be used to send a malicious script. CVE-2019-6565 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/ C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.4 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284 The device does not properly check authority on server side, which results in a read-only user being able to perform arbitrary configuration changes. CVE-2019-6520 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.5 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF EXCESSIVE AUTHENTICATION ATTEMPTS CWE-307 The devices do not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts, which may allow an attacker to discover passwords via brute force attack. CVE-2019-6524 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.6 MISSING ENCRYPTION OF SENSITIVE DATA CWE-311 The devices use plaintext transmission of sensitive data, which may allow an attacker to capture sensitive data such as an administrative password. CVE-2019-6526 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.7 OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ CWE-125 Failure to properly check array bounds may allow an attacker to read device memory on arbitrary addresses, which may allow an attacker to retrieve sensitive data or cause device reboot. CVE-2019-6522 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.8 UNPROTECTED STORAGE OF CREDENTIALS CWE-256 The devices store plaintext passwords, which may allow sensitive information to be read by someone with access to the device. CVE-2019-6518 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:H/I:N/A:N ). 3.2.9 PREDICTABLE FROM OBSERVABLE STATE CWE-341 The software generates a predictable cookie calculated with an MD5 hash, allowing an attacker to capture the administrator's password, which could lead to a full compromise of the device. CVE-2019-6563 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.10 UNCONTROLLED RESOURCE CONSUMPTION CWE-400 The devices allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via a specially crafted packet, which may cause the switch to crash. CVE-2019-6559 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/ C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.3 BACKGROUND o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Energy, and Transportation Systems o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide o COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan 3.4 RESEARCHER Ivan B, Sergey Fedonin, and Vyacheslav Moskvin of Positive Technologies Security reported these vulnerabilities to NCCIC. 4. MITIGATIONS Moxa recommends that users implement the following measures to mitigate these vulnerabilities. o Install firmware patch. Patches may be requested from Moxa Customer Service at the following link (login required): https://www.moxa.com/support/request_support.aspx o Disable web console access in IKS and use another console such as SNMP/ Telnet/CLI instead. o Set EDS series Web configuration as "https only" to reduce predictable session ID concern. NCCIC recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should: o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet . o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and isolate them from the business network. o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. NCCIC reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. NCCIC also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS-CERT web page. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies . Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS-CERT website in the Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies . Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to NCCIC for tracking and correlation against other incidents. NCCIC also recommends that users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: o Do not click web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages. o Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. o Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities. - --------------------------END INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- You have received this e-mail bulletin as a result of your organisation's registration with AusCERT. The mailing list you are subscribed to is maintained within your organisation, so if you do not wish to continue receiving these bulletins you should contact your local IT manager. If you do not know who that is, please send an email to auscert@auscert.org.au and we will forward your request to the appropriate person. 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If you have any questions or need further information, please contact them directly. Previous advisories and external security bulletins can be retrieved from: https://www.auscert.org.au/bulletins/ =========================================================================== Australian Computer Emergency Response Team The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au Facsimile: (07) 3365 7031 Telephone: (07) 3365 4417 (International: +61 7 3365 4417) AusCERT personnel answer during Queensland business hours which are GMT+10:00 (AEST). On call after hours for member emergencies only. =========================================================================== -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Comment: http://www.auscert.org.au/render.html?it=1967 iQIVAwUBXHX7/GaOgq3Tt24GAQhf5w/+MEVK6BJ/mZLFb1gjiUufj5YHdUaX/djn FVwKNtN0+0zNx+FQGXUD043uEfbNBXtZRAFbJNAZvM77YiSVM3cL3VUHZE6/dPfQ MDezo99cuoBSDpHSdWtVVtNfAPu2kkJrxGsTjMZ+gX4IxTuUfZdqC+6G1JgoAYr+ TrNWU3HWp0ek0wEBISD2CgD9OfdDwzODYzT5lLcfm8kCnFJCYA8f4lfN7O3Xuhqf Hof2kXMEf8XzN+suGHmN18xQ5FdI/IC6iubZwpmUYPMvsixidzodhtrSDVoix4ud nJqizlGk05zCwjZ4jiGzKOl9d3ZXDZwDU/qsWGCjPd4xzlBCgkgFsBZMc28/z+7g Atssoaj7OLefnMiPhwiqLJswesS8EuDD+D1fq1s0+GlKv4z8/X9hgM32YcF1bs7N XVLNQo+313+10TwdrLpMLsvDWVJA0iCWqX2mv/KFQ06ZOhLY1CJujc4ZVFqYHSrT NWB1FlGoBK2nYYVWRm+YuDx8B0oJHlngy/3lF3ES+O4ton+6f0FyhAKqcY12zBkU qSpXxQBFgoISC7DB13zcKGPm+3A+3uKyQ06uDNv2osuaGawQsIjTbzOf1lAxiNub EaH259KEM2zPFdS/odl3u9xIXopEkcNH6dunsi0n6drVD4i6aRy/adGfQLt5hMRO 90JQlsyifys= =Pc2S -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----