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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2019.3695.5
Advisory (icsa-19-274-01/icsma-19-274-01) Interpeak IPnet TCP/IP Stack
10 January 2020
===========================================================================
AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Interpeak IPnet TCP/IP Stack
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Execute Arbitrary Code/Commands -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Provide Misleading Information -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2019-12265 CVE-2019-12264 CVE-2019-12263
CVE-2019-12262 CVE-2019-12261 CVE-2019-12260
CVE-2019-12259 CVE-2019-12258 CVE-2019-12257
CVE-2019-12256 CVE-2019-12255
Reference: ASB-2019.0224
ESB-2019.3245
ESB-2019.2856
Original Bulletin:
https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-19-274-01
https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-19-274-01
Revision History: January 10 2020: Added US-CERT update
December 11 2019: Added USCERT Update
November 6 2019: CVSS score amended and additional vendors
affected by vulnerabilities listed
October 11 2019: Update to Update B
October 2 2019: Initial Release
- --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT--------------------
ICS Medical Advisory (ICSMA-19-274-01)
Interpeak IPnet TCP/IP Stack (Update D)
Original release date: January 07, 2020
Legal Notice
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are
provided"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any
information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or
service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this
product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header.
For more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/ .
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
o CVSS v3 9.8
o ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low skill level to exploit/public exploits
are available
o Vendors: ENEA, Green Hills Software, ITRON, IP Infusion, Wind River
o Equipment: OSE by ENEA, INTEGRITY RTOS by Green Hills Software, ITRON,
ZebOS by IP Infusion, and VxWorks by Wind River
o Vulnerabilities: Stack-based Buffer Overflow, Heap-based Buffer Overflow,
Integer Underflow, Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of
a Memory Buffer, Race Condition, Argument Injection, Null Pointer
Dereference
CISA is aware of a public report detailing vulnerabilities found in the
Interpeak IPnet TCP/IP stack. The Interpeak IPnet stack vulnerabilities were
first reported under ICSA-19-211-01 Wind River VxWorks . These vulnerabilities
have expanded beyond the affected VxWorks systems and affect additional
real-time operating systems (RTOS). CISA has reached out to affected vendors of
the report and asked them to confirm the vulnerabilities and identify
mitigations. CISA is issuing this advisory to provide early notice of the
reported vulnerabilities and identify baseline mitigations for reducing risks
to these and other cybersecurity attacks.
2. UPDATE INFORMATION
This updated advisory is a follow-up to the advisory update titled
ICSMA-19-274-01 Interpeak IPnet TCP/IP Stack (Update C) published November 5,
2019, on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov.
3. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow remote code
execution.
4. TECHNICAL DETAILS
4.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The Interpeak IPnet stack has been identified to be affected by CVE-2019-12255,
CVE-2019-12262, and CVE-2019-12264.
The following RTOS are affected:
ENEA reports that OSE4 and OSE5 may have been bundled with Interpeak IPnet from
2004-2006. In 2007, ENEA replaced Interpeak IPnet with OSENet.
Green Hills Software reports Interpeak IPnet was a third-party add-on for
INTREGRITY RTOS from 2003-2006.
Wind River reports the following versions of VxWorks are affected:
o All versions of VxWorks under CURRENT support (6.9.4.11, Vx7 SR540, Vx7
SR610) are affected by one or more of the CVE numbers detailed below.
o Older, end-of-life versions of VxWorks back to 6.5 are also affected by one
or more of the CVE numbers below.
o All versions of the discontinued product Advanced Networking Technology
(ANT) are likely affected by one or more of the CVE numbers below.
o The VxWorks bootrom network stack leverages the same IPnet source as
VxWorks and, as a result, is also technically vulnerable to CVE-2019-12256.
The same patches and mitigations apply to VxWorks and the bootrom network
stack; however, the bootrom normally uses statically assigned IP-addresses,
not DHCP. If that is true, then the defects related to those protocols do
not apply in practice. Also, a successful exploit of the bootrom network
stack has a more difficult timing component. In typical applications, the
bootrom does not listen to TCP-ports, which means that the TCP-related
issues must be timed with the target downloading data from the network.
o VxWorks 653 MCE 3.x may be affected. Contact Wind River customer support (
support@windriver.com ) for more details.
The following VxWorks products are not affected:
o The latest release of VxWorks, VxWorks 7 SR620, is NOT affected by any of
these CVEs
o VxWorks 5.3 through VxWorks 6.4 inclusive are NOT affected.
o VxWorks Cert versions are NOT affected.
o VxWorks 653 Versions 2.x and earlier are NOT affected.
o VxWorks 653 MCE 3.x Cert Edition and later are NOT affected.
CISA will update this document as more mitigations are identified by affected
vendors.
4.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
4.2.1 STACK-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-121
This vulnerability resides in the IPv4 option parsing and may be triggered by
IPv4 packets containing invalid options.
The most likely outcome of triggering this defect is that the tNet0 task
crashes. This vulnerability can result in remote code execution.
CVE-2019-12256 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.2 HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122
DHCP packets may go past the local area network (LAN) via DHCP-relays, but are
otherwise confined to the LAN.
The DHCP-client may be used by VxWorks and in the bootrom. Bootrom, using DHCP/
BOOTP, is only vulnerable during the boot-process.
This vulnerability may be used to overwrite the heap, which could result in a
later crash when a task requests memory from the heap. This vulnerability can
result in remote code execution.
CVE-2019-12257 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.3 INTEGER UNDERFLOW (WRAP OR WRAPAROUND) CWE-191
An attacker can either hijack an existing TCP session and inject bad TCP
segments or establish a new TCP session on any TCP port listened to by the
target.
This vulnerability could lead to a buffer overflow of up to a full TCP
receive-window (by default, 10k-64k depending on version). The buffer overflow
occurs in the task calling recv()/recvfrom()/recvmsg().
Applications that pass a buffer equal to or larger than a full TCP window are
not susceptible to this attack. Applications passing a stack-allocated variable
as a buffer are the easiest to exploit.
The most likely outcome is a crash of the application reading from the affected
socket, which could result in remote code execution.
CVE-2019-12255 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.4 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER
CWE-119
This vulnerability could lead to a buffer overflow of up to a full TCP receive
window (by default, 10k-64k depending on version). The buffer overflow happens
in the task calling recv()/recvfrom()/recvmsg().
Applications that pass a buffer equal to or larger than a full TCP window are
not susceptible to this attack. Applications passing a stack-allocated variable
as a buffer are the easiest to exploit.
The most likely outcome is a crash of the application reading from the affected
socket, which could result in remote code execution.
CVE-2019-12260 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.5 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER
CWE-119
The impact of this vulnerability is a buffer overflow of up to a full TCP
receive window (by default, 10k-64k depending on version). The buffer overflow
happens in the task calling recv()/recvfrom()/recvmsg().
Applications that pass a buffer equal to or larger than a full TCP window are
not susceptible to this attack. Applications passing a stack-allocated variable
as a buffer are the easiest to exploit.
The most likely outcome is a crash of the application reading from the affected
socket, which could result in remote code execution.
CVE-2019-12261 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.6 CONCURRENT EXECUTION USING SHARED RESOURCE WITH IMPROPER SYNCHRONIZATION
('RACE CONDITION') CWE-362
This vulnerability relies on a race-condition between the network task (tNet0)
and the receiving application. It is very difficult to trigger the race on a
system with a single CPU-thread enabled, and there is no way to reliably
trigger a race on SMP targets.
CVE-2019-12263 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
4.2.7 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF ARGUMENT DELIMITERS IN A COMMAND ('ARGUMENT
INJECTION') CWE-88
An attacker with the source and destination TCP-port and IP-addresses of a
session can inject invalid TCP segments into the flow, causing the TCP-session
to be reset.
An application will see this as an ECONNRESET error message when using the
socket after such an attack.
The most likely outcome is a crash of the application reading from the affected
socket.
CVE-2019-12258 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:N/A:H ).
4.2.8 NULL POINTER DEREFERENCE CWE-476
This vulnerability requires that at least one IPv4 multicast address has been
assigned to the target in an incorrect way (e.g., using the API intended for
assigning unicast addresses).
An attacker may use CVE-2019-12264 to incorrectly assign a multicast
IP-address.
An attacker on the same LAN as the target system may use this vulnerability to
cause a NULL pointer dereference, which most likely will crash the tNet0 task.
CVE-2019-12259 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
6.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/
C:L/I:N/A:H ).
4.2.9 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF ARGUMENT DELIMITERS IN A COMMAND ('ARGUMENT
INJECTION') CWE-88
An attacker residing on the LAN can send reverse-ARP responses to the victim
system to assign unicast IPv4 addresses to the target.
CVE-2019-12262 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:L/I:N/A:H ).
4.2.10 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF ARGUMENT DELIMITERS IN A COMMAND ('ARGUMENT
INJECTION') CWE-88
An attacker residing on the LAN may choose to hijack a DHCP-client session that
requests an IPv4 address. The attacker can send a multicast IP address in the
DHCP offer/ack message, which the victim system then incorrectly assigns.
This vulnerability can be combined with CVE-2019-12259 to create a
denial-of-service condition.
CVE-2019-12264 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:L/A:H ).
4.2.11 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF ARGUMENT DELIMITERS IN A COMMAND ('ARGUMENT
INJECTION') CWE-88
The IGMPv3 reception handler does not expect packets to be spread across
multiple IP-fragments.
CVE-2019-12265 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:L/I:N/A:L ).
4.3 BACKGROUND
o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Information
Technology, Healthcare and Public Health, Transportation Systems, Water and
Wastewater Systems
o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
4.4 RESEARCHER
Armis researchers Gregory Vishnepolsky, Dor Zusman, and Ben Seri, reported
these vulnerabilities to CISA.
5. MITIGATIONS
Enea has no IPNet customers on support contract in the United States.
Green Hills Software has proactively informed affected users and offers
consulting services to implement mitigations.
Microsoft states they have no history of support or integration work to include
IPnet and have not released a version of ThreadX bundled with IPnet. Microsoft
does caution that some hardware makers could have used ThreadX and a custom set
IPnet in the hardware.
TRON Forum reports they only publish the specification for ITRON RTOS. Various
implementations are used by many users world-wide and are created by various
implementors (some commercial, and some academic and some government) according
the specification document. TRON Forum, the caretaker of the ITRON
specification, has not endorsed the use of any particular TCP/IP stack
including one from Interpeak. The choice of TCP/IP stack is up to the RTOS
vendor and application developers, and thus each application user needs to
check whether TCP/IP stack developed by Interpeak is used inside their
application. TRON Forum will send out a preliminary warning to members by
mailing list to notify implementors of the reported vulnerabilities.
ZebOS by IP Infusion has not yet responded to CISA inquiries.
Wind River has produced controls and patches to mitigate the reported
vulnerabilities. To obtain patches, email PSIRT@windriver.com and indicate the
VxWorks major version for which you need source patches.
For more detailed information on the vulnerabilities and the mitigating
controls, please see the Wind River advisory .
Additional vendors affected by the reported vulnerabilities have also released
security advisories related to their affected products. Those advisories are as
follows:
- --------- Begin Update D Part 1 of 1 ---------
o Abbott Laboratories
o BD (Beckton Dickinson)
o Boston Scientific
o Carestream
o Drager
o GE Healthcare
o Hillrom
o Medtronic
o Philips Healthcare
o Spacelabs
- --------- End Update D Part 1 of 1 ---------
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet .
o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should
be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN
is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov . Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies .
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies .
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.
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