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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2020.0781
ICS Advisory (ICSA-20-063-04)
4 March 2020
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Moxa AWK-3131A
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Root Compromise -- Existing Account
Execute Arbitrary Code/Commands -- Existing Account
Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Access Confidential Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Reduced Security -- Existing Account
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2019-5165 CVE-2019-5162 CVE-2019-5153
CVE-2019-5148 CVE-2019-5143 CVE-2019-5142
CVE-2019-5141 CVE-2019-5140 CVE-2019-5139
CVE-2019-5138 CVE-2019-5137 CVE-2019-5136
Original Bulletin:
https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-063-04
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ICS Advisory (ICSA-20-063-04)
Moxa AWK-3131A Series Industrial AP/Bridge/Client
Original release date: March 03, 2020
Legal Notice
All information products included in https://us-cert.gov/ics are provided"as
is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained
within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in
this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by
the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information
about TLP, see https://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/ .
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
o CVSS v3 9.9
o ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low skill level is needed to exploit/public
exploits are available
o Vendor: Moxa
o Equipment: Moxa AWK-3131A
o Vulnerabilities: Improper Access Control, Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic
Key, OS Command Injection, Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Classic Buffer
Overflow, Out-of-bounds Read, Stack-based Buffer Overflow, Improper Access
Control, Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to
gain control of the device and remotely execute arbitrary code.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
Moxa reports that the vulnerabilities affect the following versions of
AWK-3131A, a wireless networking appliance:
o Moxa AWK-3131A firmware, Version 1.13 and prior
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
A specially crafted menu selection string can cause an escape from the
restricted console, resulting in system access as the root user. An attacker
needs to be authenticated as a low-privilege user to trigger this
vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5136 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.2 USE OF HARD-CODED CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY CWE-321
The usage of hard-coded cryptographic keys allows for the decryption of
captured traffic across the network to or from the device.
CVE-2019-5137 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.3 OS COMMAND INJECTION CWE-78
A specially crafted diagnostic script file can cause arbitrary commands to be
executed, resulting in remote control over the device. An attacker needs to be
authenticated as a low-privilege user to trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5138 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.4 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798
The device operating system contains an undocumented encryption password,
allowing for the creation of custom diagnostic scripts.
CVE-2019-5139 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
6.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.5 OS COMMAND INJECTION CWE-78
A specially crafted diagnostic script file name can cause user input to be
reflected in a subsequent system call, resulting in remote control over the
device. An attacker needs to be authenticated as a low-privilege user to send
commands to trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5140 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.6 OS COMMAND INJECTION CWE-78
A specially crafted parameter can cause user input to be reflected in a
subsequent system call, resulting in remote control over the device. An
attacker needs to be authenticated as a low-privilege user to send commands to
trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5141 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.7 OS COMMAND INJECTION CWE-78
A specially crafted entry to network configuration information can cause
execution of arbitrary system commands, resulting in full control of the
device. An attacker can send various authenticated requests to trigger this
vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5142 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.8 CLASSIC BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-120
A specially crafted time server entry can cause an overflow of the time server
buffer, resulting in remote code execution. An attacker needs to be
authenticated as a low-privilege user to send commands to trigger this
vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5143 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.9 OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ CWE-125
A specially crafted packet can cause an integer underflow, triggering a large
memcpy that will access unmapped or out-of-bounds memory. An attacker can send
this packet while unauthenticated to trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5148 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.10 STACK-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-121
A specially crafted user name entry can cause an overflow of an error message
buffer, resulting in remote code execution. An attacker needs to be
authenticated as a low-privilege user to send commands to trigger this
vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5153 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.11 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
A specially crafted user name entry can cause the overwrite of an existing user
account password, resulting in remote shell access to the device as that user.
An attacker needs to be authenticated as a low-privilege user to send commands
to trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5162 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.12 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS USING AN ALTERNATE PATH OR CHANNEL CWE-288
A specially configured device hostname can cause the device to interpret select
remote traffic as local traffic, resulting in a bypass of web authentication.
An attacker can send authenticated SNMP requests to trigger this vulnerability.
CVE-2019-5165 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.3 BACKGROUND
o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Energy, Water and
Wastewater Systems
o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
o COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan
3.4 RESEARCHER
Jared Rittle, Carl Hurd, Patrick DeSantis, and Alexander Perez Palma of Cisco
Talos reported these vulnerabilities to Moxa.
4. MITIGATIONS
Moxa has created a security patch to mitigate these vulnerabilities. Please
contact Moxa technical support to obtain it. For additional information see the
Moxa advisory .
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet .
o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should
be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN
is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov . Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies .
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies .
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.
For any questions related to this report, please contact the CISA at:
Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870
CISA continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by
choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product.
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