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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2012.0012
Hash table implementations vulnerable to algorithmic complexity attacks
3 January 2012
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Apache Tomcat
Microsoft .NET Framework
Ruby
PHP 5
Publisher: US-CERT
Operating System: UNIX variants (UNIX, Linux, OSX)
Windows
Impact/Access: Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2011-4885 CVE-2011-4838 CVE-2011-4815
CVE-2011-3414
Original Bulletin:
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/903934
Comment: A hash collision denial of service condition has been found in
multiple web programming languages. Some vendors have provided updates
and/or workarounds; this bulletin provides additional information and
workarounds.
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Vulnerability Note VU#903934
Hash table implementations vulnerable to algorithmic complexity attacks
Overview
Some programming language implementations do not sufficiently randomize their
hash functions or provide means to limit key collision attacks, which can be
leveraged by an unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS)
condition.
I. Description
Many applications, including common web framework implementations, use hash
tables to map key values to associated entries. If the hash table contains
entries for different keys that map to the same hash value, a hash collision
occurs and additional processing is required to determine which entry is
appropriate for the key. If an attacker can generate many requests containing
colliding key values, an application performing the hash table lookup may enter
a denial of service condition.
Hash collision denial-of-service attacks were first detailed in 2003, but
recent research details how these attacks apply to modern language hash table
implementations.
II. Impact
An application can be forced into a denial-of-service condition. In the case of
some web application servers, specially-crafted POST form data may result in a
denial-of-service.
III. Solution
Apply an update
Please review the Vendor Information section of this document for vendor-
specific patch and workaround details.
Limit CPU time
Limiting the processing time for a single request can help minimize the impact
of malicious requests.
Limit maximum POST size
Limiting the maximum POST request size can reduce the number of possible
predictable collisions, thus reducing the impact of an attack.
Limit maximum request parameters
Some servers offer the option to limit the number of parameters per request,
which can also minimize impact.
Vendor Information
Vendor Status Date Notified Date Updated
Adobe Unknown 2011-11-01 2011-11-01
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MAPG-8N7Q7A
Apache Tomcat Affected 2011-12-28
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/DWAN-8PYMUS
IBM Corporation Unknown 2011-11-01 2011-11-01
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MAPG-8N7Q7D
Microsoft Corporation Affected 2011-11-01 2011-12-29
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MAPG-8N7Q7G
Oracle Corporation Unknown 2011-11-01 2011-11-01
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MAPG-8N7Q7K
Ruby Affected 2011-11-01 2011-12-28
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MAPG-8N7Q7N
The PHP Group Affected 2011-12-28
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/DWAN-8PYMFT
References
http://www.ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html
http://www.nruns.com/_downloads/advisory28122011.pdf
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~scrosby/hash/CrosbyWallach_UsenixSec2003.pdf
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/bulletin/ms11-100.mspx
Credit
Thanks to Alexander Klink and Julian Wlde for reporting these vulnerabilities.
This document was written by Jared Allar and David Warren.
Other Information
Date Public: 2011-12-28
Date First Published: 2011-12-28
Date Last Updated: 2011-12-30
CERT Advisory:
CVE-ID(s): CVE-2011-4815 CVE-2011-3414 CVE-2011-4838 CVE-2011-4885
NVD-ID(s): CVE-2011-4815 CVE-2011-3414 CVE-2011-4838 CVE-2011-4885
US-CERT Technical Alerts:
Severity Metric: 10.80
Document Revision: 34
If you have feedback, comments, or additional information about this
vulnerability, please send us email.
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