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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2014.1578
Ecava Integraxor SCADA Server Vulnerabilities
12 September 2014
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Ecava IntegraXor
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Windows
Impact/Access: Access Privileged Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Modify Arbitrary Files -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2014-2377 CVE-2014-2376 CVE-2014-2375
CVE-2014-0786
Reference: ESB-2014.0654
Original Bulletin:
https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov//advisories/ICSA-14-224-01
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Advisory (ICSA-14-224-01)
Ecava Integraxor SCADA Server Vulnerabilities
Original release date: September 11, 2014
Legal Notice
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For
more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
This advisory was originally posted to the US-CERT secure Portal library on
August 12, 2014, and is being released to the NCCIC/ICS-CERT web site.
Independent researcher Andrea Micalizzi identified an Improper Privilege
Management vulnerability within Ecavas IntegraXor SCADA Server and reported it
to Zero Day Initiative (ZDI). ZDI reported the vulnerability to
NCCIC/ICS-CERT. Independent researcher Alain Homewood identified three other
vulnerabilities in the Ecavas IntegraXor SCADA Server. Ecava has produced a
patch that mitigates these vulnerabilities. Alain Homewood has tested the
patch to validate that it resolves the vulnerabilities he has identified.
These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Ecava products are affected:
IntegraXor SCADA Server v4.1.4360 (latest stable release) and earlier
versions, and
IntegraXor SCADA Server v4.1.4392 (latest beta release) and earlier versions.
IMPACT
These vulnerabilities allow an attacker to read and modify files and database
records on the Ecava IntegraXor SCADA server. This could allow an attacker to
read previously exported reports and files on the server; overwrite reports
and files; read and modify records in the database, including tables that
users do not typically have access to; create large files to cause a denial of
service; and write malicious files that can be leveraged to further attack a
system.
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to
each organization. ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the impact
of these vulnerabilities based on their operational environment, architecture,
and product implementation.
BACKGROUND
Ecava Sdn Bhd (Ecava) is a Malaysia-based software development company that
provides the IntegraXor SCADA product. Ecava specializes in factory and
process automation solutions.
IntegraXor is a suite of tools used to create and run a web-based
human-machine interface for a SCADA system. IntegraXor is currently used in
several areas of process control in 38 countries, with the largest
installations based in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia,
Poland, Canada, and Estonia.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
EXTERNAL CONTROL OF FILE NAME OR PATH[a]
IntegraXor has the ability to export various reports to CSV files. An attacker
could manipulate this functionality to read and write any file as an
unauthenticated user. This could cause a loss of confidentiality in logs,
reports, and configuration settings. Denial of service can also be generated
by creating large-sized files on the server. Malicious files can be uploaded
and leveraged as part of a cross-site request forgery attack against
authorized users.
CVE-2014-2375[b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 8.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C).[c]
SQL INJECTION[d]
Ecava IntegraXor makes use of several back end SQL databases. Reading and
writing data to the logging and report databases is less secure because it was
intended that unauthenticated users would be able to read logs and be able to
read and delete reports. By manipulating SQL queries, an attacker could read
arbitrary files from the server, connect to other SQL databases, and read data
from tables that are normally restricted. An attacker could cause a denial of
service by writing a large amount of data to the database or by manipulating
the SQL query to be computationally complex. In addition with this access, an
attacker could manipulate data within the tables, including configuration
data.
CVE-2014-2376[e] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 7.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P).[f]
SENSITIVE INFORMATION DISCLOSURE[gh]
Ecava IntegraXor includes built-in application tags. These application tags
disclose information that could be used to identify full path names of files,
which can be leveraged with the SQL Injection vulnerability.
CVE-2014-2377i has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 5.0 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N).j
IMPROPER PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT[k]
Ecava IntegraXors SQL database allows for the guest user to execute select
queries and potentially upload malicious files.
CVE-2014-0786[l] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 7.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P).[m]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a low skill would be able to exploit these vulnerabilities.
MITIGATION
Ecava has produced a patch to address all four vulnerabilities identified. The
patch can be downloaded from:
http://www.integraxor.com/download/rc.msi?4.2.4458
ICS-CERT encourages asset owners to take additional defensive measures to
protect against this and other cybersecurity risks.
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and
ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be
updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN is only
as secure as the connected devices.
ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the ICS-CERT web page at
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended
practices are available for reading and download, including Improving
Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly
available in the ICS-CERT Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01BTargeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies, that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site
(www.ics-cert.org).
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for
tracking and correlation against other incidents.
[a] CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/73.html, web site last accessed
September 11, 2014.
[b] NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-2375, NIST
uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will be
active sometime after publication of this advisory.
[c] CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
[d] CWE-89: SQL Injection, http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/89.html, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
[e] NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-2376, NIST
uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will be
active sometime after publication of this advisory.
[f] CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
[g] CWE-526: Information Exposure Through Environmental Variables,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/526.html, web site last accessed
September 11, 2014.
[h] CWE-532: Information Exposure Through Log Files,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html, web site last accessed
September 11, 2014.
[i] NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-2377, NIST
uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will be
active sometime after publication of this advisory.
[j] CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
[k] CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/269.html, web site last accessed
September 11, 2014.
[l] NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-0786, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
[m] CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P, web
site last accessed September 11, 2014.
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